Elk in Jackson
Understanding ecosystems and habitats
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on the right will start a narrated slide show. Each slideshow is 5 minutes; you can close the window at any time to stop.
Clicking any

on the right will start a trivia game that will reveal some amazing facts!
Learn about the National Elk Refuge
Tell me about the National Elk Refuge...
Learn some fun trivia about Elk...
Olas Murie: a giant in Nature Conservation
What is Olas Murie's connection to the Elk?
Ever done a 'Dichotomous' puzzle!?

(this simple puzzling has been the basis for a lot of sound science...)

Elk migration: a story about sharing
About habitats and ecosystems
Test your knowledge on Elk in an interactive crossword puzzle

(doing the trivia first may help...)

More browsing and references...
Websites for further browsing References and Bibliography
Associated Press. (2008, February 6). Fence could change border town landscape. Jackson Hole Daily, p. 17
Bauer, E. A., & Bauer, P. (1995). Elk Behavior-Ecology-Conservation Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, Inc.
Bennet, G (2004). Linkages in Practice: A review of their conservation value IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Biota Research and Consulting, Inc. (2003, September). Jackson Hole Roadway and Wildlife Crossing Study. Jackson Hole Wildlife Foundation Retrieved February 1, 2008, from Jackson Hole Wildlife Foundation Website
Clark, T., & Casey, D., & Halverson, A. editors (2000). Developing Sustainable Management Policy for the National Elk Refuge, Wyoming Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies: Bulletin Series. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
Murie, O. (1951). The Elk of North America. Washington, D.C.: Wildlife management Institute
Murie, O. J. (1930, May). An Epizootic Disease of Elk. Journal of Mammalogy, 11(2), 214 Retrieved January 28, 2008, from JSTOR database
Murie, O., & Murie, M. (1966). Wapiti Wilderness. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
National Park Service Grand Teton: Historic Resource Study, from: NPS Online books Retrieved January 25, 2008, http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/grte2/hrst.htm
National Park Service Yellowstone Digital Slide File Retrieved January 25, 2008, http://www.fws.gov/bisonandelkplan
Ridgeway, Rick Paths to Survival Retrieved January 25, 2008, http://www.patagonia.com/web/us/patagonia.go?assetid=1865
Smith, B. L., & Robbins, R. L. (1994). Migrations and Management of the Jackson Elk Herd. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior
Smith, C.M., & Wachob, D.G. (2006). Trends associated with residential development in riparian breeding bird habitat along the Snake River in Jackson Hole, WY, USA: Implications for conservation planning. Biological Conservation, 128, 431-446.
Stelfox, B.J., & Lawrence, L. (1991). The Hoofed Mammals of Jackson Hole. Kelly, WY: Teton Science School
Van Wieren,S.E, & Worm,P.B.(2001). The use of a motorway wildlife overpass by large mammals Netherlands Journal of Zoology 51(1):97-105(2001); accessed: http://www.resource-ecology.org
US Fish and Wildlife service Bison and Elk Management Plan, April 2007, Retrieved January 24, 2008, http://www.fws.gov/bisonandelkplan[...]
0: 'Elk are ungulates - hooved animals.', 1: 'Elk belong to the deer family, also known as cervidae.
' + 'Other members of the cervidae family are moose, caribou, white-tailed deer and mule deer.

' + 'All these species have the common trait of an even number of toes.', 2: 'Antlers, which only grow on bulls, are shed every spring.', 3: 'Elk males are called bulls; females are called cows, and babies are called calves.', 4: 'Antlers can grow an inch in just a single day!

The amount of antler growth is regulated by the length of daylight...', 5: 'Elk are herbivores (animals that eat plants) and primarily grazers (eat grass),
' + 'although they eat a lot of forbs in the summer -- such as dandelions.' + '

They turn to browse (twigs & bark of woody plants) in the winter months especially when grasses are covered by snow.'